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Native Plant List

Native Plant List 2002
Hilltop Community, Inc.

Native Plants Growing Conditions Comments
Trees *Vine maple
Acer circinatum		 Sun or shade. Prefers moist shade. Does well in shade of conifers. Deciduous. Use singly or in masses. To 25 ft.
*Mountain hemlock
Tsuga mertensiana		 Sun Evergreen. Slow growing. Stays small if not watered or fertilized. To 20-30 ft.
*Western red cedar
Variety: "Excelsior"
Thuja plicata,
var: "Excelsior"		 Sun Evergreen. Slow growing. To 35 ft.
*Red elderberry
Sambucus racemosa		 Dry to moist Sun or shade. Deciduous. 8-10 ft.
*Blue elderberry
Sambucus cerulean		 Sun Deciduous. 10-30 ft.
*Douglas maple
Acer glabrum		 Shade Deciduous. Shrub or small tree. To 35 ft.
*White Flowering dogwood
Cornus kousa		 Shade Deciduous. 10-20 ft. Almost indistinguishable from Pacific dogwood, less susceptible to disease.
*Hazelnut
Cornus cornuta		 Shade Deciduous. 3.5 to 14 ft.
*Western yew
Taxus brevifolia		 Shade Evergreen. Spreading habit. 7-20 ft.
*Madrone
Arbutus menziesii		 Sun Evergreen. Leathery leaves, Drooping white flowers, peeling bark, orange red berries popular with birds. Small to medium-sized to 105 ft. but usually much shorter.
*Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp menziesii.		 Sun Evergreen. To 240 ft.
*Western red cedar
Thuja plicate		 Sun Evergreen. To 210 ft.
*Western hemlock
Tsuga heterophylla		 Shade Evergreen. To 210 ft.
*Leyland cypress
Cuprusocyparis leylandi		 Sun Evergreen. A natural hybrid from Alaska cedar. Rapid grown 55-60 ft. in 25 years. 15-20 ft. in five years. Can be trimmed to 10-15 ft. Resists worst winter damage. Columnar habit.
Pacific crabapple
Malus fusca		 Sun Deciduous. Shrub to small tree. 7-35 ft.
Quaking aspen
Populus remuloides		 Shade Deciduous. To 60 ft.
Red alder
Alnus rubra		 Sun Deciduous. Usually 45-50 ft.
Western larch (tamarack)
Larix occidentalis		 Sun Deciduous. 30-50 ft.
Bitter cherry
Prunus virginiana
Var. demissa
Prunus emarginata
Var. mollis		 Sun or shade Deciduous. 7-40 ft.
Subalpine fir
Abies lasiocarpa		 Sun Evergreen. To 122.5 ft.
Pacific silver fir
Abies amabiles		 Sun, very tolerant of shade Evergreen. To 170 ft.
Noble fir
Abies procera		 Sun Evergreen. To 270 ft.
Sitka spruce
Picea sitchensis		 Sun Evergreen. To 245 ft.
Alaska yellow cedar
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis		 Sun/shade Evergreen. Usually 75-140 ft.
Lodgepole pine Sun Evergreen. Very slow growing. To 75 ft.
Grand fir
Abies grandis		 Shade Evergreen. To 280 ft.
Shrubs *Tall Oregon grape
Mahonia aguifolium		 Sun Evergreen. To 7 ft.
*Oregon grape
Mahonia nervosa		 Sun Evergreen. To 3 ft.
*Salal
Gaultheria shallon		 Sun/Shade Evergreen.
*Evergreen huckleberry
Vaccinium ovatum		 Dry to mist shade; partial to full sun Evergreen. To 3 ft. Delicious berries hold until late fall.
*Serviceberry
Amelanchier alnifolia		 Sun Deciduous. To 20 ft.
*Red-osier dogwood
Comus stolonifera		 Sun/shade Deciduous. Likes moist places. Prized for winter twig color, spread readily in moist soil. To 15 ft.
*Oceanspray
Holodiscus discolor		 Sun/shade Deciduous. 10-15 ft.
*Indian plum
Osmaronia (Oemleria) cerasiformis		 Sun/shade Deciduous. First blossom of spring. 3-15 ft.
*Red flowering currant
Ribes sanguineum		 Sun/shade Deciduous. 3-5 ft. Draws hummingbirds.
*Red huckleberry
Vaccinium parvifolium		 Shade Deciduous. Depends on mycorrhizal fungi, e.g. on logs and stumps. 4-10 ft.
*Sitka mountain ash
Sorbus sitchensis		 Sun/shade Deciduous. 3.5 to 14 ft.
*Snowberry
Symphoricarpos albus		 Dry to moist sun or partial shade Deciduous. Berries stay through winter. 2-6 ft.
Ceanothus Blue blossom
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus		 Sun Evergreen. 6-20 ft.
Ceanothus Mountain balm
Ceanothus velutinus		 Sun Evergreen. 3-8 ft.
California wax myrtle
Myrica californica		 Sun Evergreen. 7-21 ft.
California bay laurel
Umbellulana californica		 Sun/Shade Evergreen. 20-25 ft.
Rhododendron (native)
Rhododendron macrophyllum		 Shade Evergreen. To 28 ft.
Sitka Alder
Alnus crispa ssp. sinuate		 Sun Evergreen. 3.5 to 17.5 ft.
Black huckleberry
Vaccinium membranaceum		 Sun Evergreen. To 5 ft.
Buck brush
Ceanothus integerrimus, also sanguineus		 Sun Deciduous. 3-20 ft.
Mock-orange
Philadelphus lewisii		 Sun/shade Deciduous. Summer flowers very fragrant. Highly adaptable plant 5-10 ft.
Twinberry
Lonicera involucrate		 Sun/shade, dry to moderate moisture Deciduous. To 10ft.
Western azalea
Rhododendron occidentale		 Sun/shade Deciduous. 6-10 ft. Hard to find, worth the search.
Nootka rose
Rosa nutkena		 Sun/shade Deciduous. To 10 ft.
Hardhack
Spirea douglas ssp.douglasii (formerly menziesii)		 Sun Deciduous. To 10 ft.
High bush cranberry
Viburnum edule		 Shade Deciduous. 4-8 ft.
Salmon berry
Rubus spectabilis		 Shade. Moist to wet places. Decidious. Yellow or red berries To 14 ft.
Thimbleberry
Rubus parviflorus		 Sun/shade Deciduous. To 10 ft. raspberry like clusters of red berries.
Copperbush
Cladothamnus pyroliflorus		 Sun/shade. Moist forests. Deciduous. To 7 ft.
Black Gooseberry Also Black Swamp Gooseberry
Ribes lacustre		 Sun/shade. Moist forests. Deciduous. To 7 ft.
Arctic Willow Dwarf
Salix arctica		 Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. 2 ft.
Barclay's Willow
Salix barclayi		 Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. 1-7ft. Yellowish green twigs, sawtooth leaves.
Hooker's Willow
Salix hookeriana		 Sun/shade. Moist to wet forest Deciduous. To 21 ft.
Pacific Willow
Salix lucida ssp. Lasiandra		 Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. Branches brown, twigs glossy, yellow duck-billed buds. To 42 ft.
Scouler's Willow
Salix scouleriana		 Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. Branches brown to yellowish brown. 7-42 ft.
Sitka Willow
Salix sitchensis		 Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. Common along rivers and streams. 1-28 ft.
Ferns *Sword Fern
Polystichum munitum		 Sun or dry shade Evergreen. 2-4 ft.
Deer Fern
Blechnum spicant		 Dry shade or moist sun. Evergreen. Distinctive upright fertile fronds. 8-30"
Oak fern
Gymnocarpium dryopteris		 Dry to moist shade or partial shade Spreads to form attractive carpet. 16"
Maidenhair fern
Adiantum pedatum		 Moist shade Delicate, lacy fronds. 12-30"
Herbaceous Bleeding heart
Dicentra Formosa		 Shade to partial shade Spreads to form delicate-looking carpet. 6-20"
Orange Honeysuckle
Heuchera micrantha		 Sun to partial shade Hummingbird favorite. Vine.
Western Trillium
Trillium ovatum		 Partial shade, shade Takes 7 years from seed to flower! 6-18"
Wild ginger
Asarum caudatum		 Moist shade Low growing.
Skunk Cabbage or Swamp Lantern
Lysichiton americanum		 Swamps, fens, wet forest Perennial 30-150 cm tall
Vines Trailing Blackberry Dewberry
Rubus ursinus		 Sun/shade. Moist forest. Delicate black blackberries about 1 cm long. Not to be confused with Himalayan blackberry introduced from Asia.


References:

Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest
Arthur R. Kruckeberg

Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast - Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska
Pojar & MacKinnon

Selected List of Northwest Plants Suitable for Gardens
Washington Native Plant Society
1-888-288-8022
www.wnps.org

Submitted by:

E. Anderson, M. Crosetto, H. Smith   July 2002

* Indicates a preference

This list functions as plant list and draft inventory since almost all now are on Hilltop communal lands.