Native Plant List

Native Plant List 2002
Hilltop Community, Inc.

Native Plants		Growing Conditions	Comments
Trees	*Vine maple Acer circinatum	Sun or shade. Prefers moist shade. Does well in shade of conifers.	Deciduous. Use singly or in masses. To 25 ft.
	*Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana	Sun	Evergreen. Slow growing. Stays small if not watered or fertilized. To 20-30 ft.
	*Western red cedar Variety: "Excelsior" Thuja plicata, var: "Excelsior"	Sun	Evergreen. Slow growing. To 35 ft.
	*Red elderberry Sambucus racemosa	Dry to moist Sun or shade.	Deciduous. 8-10 ft.
	*Blue elderberry Sambucus cerulean	Sun	Deciduous. 10-30 ft.
	*Douglas maple Acer glabrum	Shade	Deciduous. Shrub or small tree. To 35 ft.
	*White Flowering dogwood Cornus kousa	Shade	Deciduous. 10-20 ft. Almost indistinguishable from Pacific dogwood, less susceptible to disease.
	*Hazelnut Cornus cornuta	Shade	Deciduous. 3.5 to 14 ft.
	*Western yew Taxus brevifolia	Shade	Evergreen. Spreading habit. 7-20 ft.
	*Madrone Arbutus menziesii	Sun	Evergreen. Leathery leaves, Drooping white flowers, peeling bark, orange red berries popular with birds. Small to medium-sized to 105 ft. but usually much shorter.
	*Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp menziesii.	Sun	Evergreen. To 240 ft.
	*Western red cedar Thuja plicate	Sun	Evergreen. To 210 ft.
	*Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla	Shade	Evergreen. To 210 ft.
	*Leyland cypress Cuprusocyparis leylandi	Sun	Evergreen. A natural hybrid from Alaska cedar. Rapid grown 55-60 ft. in 25 years. 15-20 ft. in five years. Can be trimmed to 10-15 ft. Resists worst winter damage. Columnar habit.
	Pacific crabapple Malus fusca	Sun	Deciduous. Shrub to small tree. 7-35 ft.
	Quaking aspen Populus remuloides	Shade	Deciduous. To 60 ft.
	Red alder Alnus rubra	Sun	Deciduous. Usually 45-50 ft.
	Western larch (tamarack) Larix occidentalis	Sun	Deciduous. 30-50 ft.
	Bitter cherry Prunus virginiana Var. demissa Prunus emarginata Var. mollis	Sun or shade	Deciduous. 7-40 ft.
	Subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa	Sun	Evergreen. To 122.5 ft.
	Pacific silver fir Abies amabiles	Sun, very tolerant of shade	Evergreen. To 170 ft.
	Noble fir Abies procera	Sun	Evergreen. To 270 ft.
	Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis	Sun	Evergreen. To 245 ft.
	Alaska yellow cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensis	Sun/shade	Evergreen. Usually 75-140 ft.
	Lodgepole pine	Sun	Evergreen. Very slow growing. To 75 ft.
	Grand fir Abies grandis	Shade	Evergreen. To 280 ft.
Shrubs	*Tall Oregon grape Mahonia aguifolium	Sun	Evergreen. To 7 ft.
	*Oregon grape Mahonia nervosa	Sun	Evergreen. To 3 ft.
	*Salal Gaultheria shallon	Sun/Shade	Evergreen.
	*Evergreen huckleberry Vaccinium ovatum	Dry to mist shade; partial to full sun	Evergreen. To 3 ft. Delicious berries hold until late fall.
	*Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia	Sun	Deciduous. To 20 ft.
	*Red-osier dogwood Comus stolonifera	Sun/shade	Deciduous. Likes moist places. Prized for winter twig color, spread readily in moist soil. To 15 ft.
	*Oceanspray Holodiscus discolor	Sun/shade	Deciduous. 10-15 ft.
	*Indian plum Osmaronia (Oemleria) cerasiformis	Sun/shade	Deciduous. First blossom of spring. 3-15 ft.
	*Red flowering currant Ribes sanguineum	Sun/shade	Deciduous. 3-5 ft. Draws hummingbirds.
	*Red huckleberry Vaccinium parvifolium	Shade	Deciduous. Depends on mycorrhizal fungi, e.g. on logs and stumps. 4-10 ft.
	*Sitka mountain ash Sorbus sitchensis	Sun/shade	Deciduous. 3.5 to 14 ft.
	*Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus	Dry to moist sun or partial shade	Deciduous. Berries stay through winter. 2-6 ft.
	Ceanothus Blue blossom Ceanothus thyrsiflorus	Sun	Evergreen. 6-20 ft.
	Ceanothus Mountain balm Ceanothus velutinus	Sun	Evergreen. 3-8 ft.
	California wax myrtle Myrica californica	Sun	Evergreen. 7-21 ft.
	California bay laurel Umbellulana californica	Sun/Shade	Evergreen. 20-25 ft.
	Rhododendron (native) Rhododendron macrophyllum	Shade	Evergreen. To 28 ft.
	Sitka Alder Alnus crispa ssp. sinuate	Sun	Evergreen. 3.5 to 17.5 ft.
	Black huckleberry Vaccinium membranaceum	Sun	Evergreen. To 5 ft.
	Buck brush Ceanothus integerrimus, also sanguineus	Sun	Deciduous. 3-20 ft.
	Mock-orange Philadelphus lewisii	Sun/shade	Deciduous. Summer flowers very fragrant. Highly adaptable plant 5-10 ft.
	Twinberry Lonicera involucrate	Sun/shade, dry to moderate moisture	Deciduous. To 10ft.
	Western azalea Rhododendron occidentale	Sun/shade	Deciduous. 6-10 ft. Hard to find, worth the search.
	Nootka rose Rosa nutkena	Sun/shade	Deciduous. To 10 ft.
	Hardhack Spirea douglas ssp.douglasii (formerly menziesii)	Sun	Deciduous. To 10 ft.
	High bush cranberry Viburnum edule	Shade	Deciduous. 4-8 ft.
	Salmon berry Rubus spectabilis	Shade. Moist to wet places.	Decidious. Yellow or red berries To 14 ft.
	Thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus	Sun/shade	Deciduous. To 10 ft. raspberry like clusters of red berries.
	Copperbush Cladothamnus pyroliflorus	Sun/shade. Moist forests.	Deciduous. To 7 ft.
	Black Gooseberry Also Black Swamp Gooseberry Ribes lacustre	Sun/shade. Moist forests.	Deciduous. To 7 ft.
	Arctic Willow Dwarf Salix arctica	Sun/shade. Moist forest	Deciduous. 2 ft.
	Barclay's Willow Salix barclayi	Sun/shade. Moist forest	Deciduous. 1-7ft. Yellowish green twigs, sawtooth leaves.
	Hooker's Willow Salix hookeriana	Sun/shade. Moist to wet forest	Deciduous. To 21 ft.
	Pacific Willow Salix lucida ssp. Lasiandra	Sun/shade. Moist forest	Deciduous. Branches brown, twigs glossy, yellow duck-billed buds. To 42 ft.
	Scouler's Willow Salix scouleriana	Sun/shade. Moist forest	Deciduous. Branches brown to yellowish brown. 7-42 ft.
	Sitka Willow Salix sitchensis	Sun/shade. Moist forest	Deciduous. Common along rivers and streams. 1-28 ft.
Ferns	*Sword Fern Polystichum munitum	Sun or dry shade	Evergreen. 2-4 ft.
	Deer Fern Blechnum spicant	Dry shade or moist sun.	Evergreen. Distinctive upright fertile fronds. 8-30"
	Oak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris	Dry to moist shade or partial shade	Spreads to form attractive carpet. 16"
	Maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum	Moist shade	Delicate, lacy fronds. 12-30"
Herbaceous	Bleeding heart Dicentra Formosa	Shade to partial shade	Spreads to form delicate-looking carpet. 6-20"
	Orange Honeysuckle Heuchera micrantha	Sun to partial shade	Hummingbird favorite. Vine.
	Western Trillium Trillium ovatum	Partial shade, shade	Takes 7 years from seed to flower! 6-18"
	Wild ginger Asarum caudatum	Moist shade	Low growing.
	Skunk Cabbage or Swamp Lantern Lysichiton americanum	Swamps, fens, wet forest	Perennial 30-150 cm tall
Vines	Trailing Blackberry Dewberry Rubus ursinus	Sun/shade. Moist forest.	Delicate black blackberries about 1 cm long. Not to be confused with Himalayan blackberry introduced from Asia.

References:

Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest
Arthur R. Kruckeberg

Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast - Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska
Pojar & MacKinnon

Selected List of Northwest Plants Suitable for Gardens
Washington Native Plant Society
1-888-288-8022
www.wnps.org

Submitted by:

E. Anderson, M. Crosetto, H. Smith July 2002

* Indicates a preference

This list functions as plant list and draft inventory since almost all now are on Hilltop communal lands.

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Native Plant List

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